Rohm and Haas

KATHON™ LX1400 Microbicide for Latex Preservative

Description

KATHON LX1400 microbicide is a formulation for latex emulsions developed following consultations with key customers in this market. It is formulated specifically to meet the changing needs and pressures facing latex emulsion manufacturers.

Product Composition and Typical Properties

Active Ingredients

The active ingredients of KATHON LX1400 are identified using the IUPAC nomenclature as 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

Structural formulae

Physical and Chemical Properties
These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications.

Appearance

 Yellow, clear, solids-free liquid

pH

1 to 3

Specific gravity

 1.3

Viscosity

16 cps @ 25°C
Flash point N.A.
Solubility in water Fully miscible

Solubility in organic solvents

Soluble in a wide range

Composition
These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications.

.

Weight %

5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one

 10.5

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one

 3.5

Stabilizer/salts (proprietary combination)

 26
Water 60

Performance Benefits

Reduced Gel Formation/Coagulum

Some latex emulsions are very sensitive to the presence of metal salts and/or organic solvents, forming gels or coagulum when these are introduced. KATHON LX1400 is water based and stabilized with a proprietary combination of stabilizers which greatly reduce gel formation associated with biocide addition. The table below shows examples of gel/coagulum formation tests that compare KATHON LX1400 with other commercially available isothiazolinone formulations. All the data shown is generated using customers' latex emulsions.

This reduction in gel formation presents several advantages to the latex manufacturer:

  • The need for pre-dilution of the 14% biocide is greatly reduced which minimizes upstream water addition.
  • The range of products in which KATHON LX1400 can be used is broader than with standard isothiazolone formulations. This means that less economic non gel forming biocides can be eliminated.
  • Additional raw materials used to counteract gels can be eliminated.
  • Reduced maintenance and replacement of filters.
  • Less off specification material is produced.
  • Production cycle time is improved.

These are significant advantages which help improve productivity and profitability of production units.

KATHON LX1400 vs Standard Product

Latex Type

Sieve Size

Gels present
upon receipt

KATHON LX1400
dosed as

KATHON LX1400 diluted to 1.5%

Typical 1.5% a.i. isothiazolinone
formulation
Pure acrylic 150µ

0.001

 0.165 0.000 0.480
Styrene acrylic 150µ

0.003

 0.173 0.000 2.922
Styrene acrylic 45µ 0.003 0.620 0.000 No data
Styrene butadiene 45µ 0.003 0.011 0.001 12.6
Styrene acrylonitrile 45µ 0.001 0.080 0.000 No data

Note: Gel formation is expressed as g/Kg of wet latex. Gels upon receipt deducted from data obtained after
biocide addition.

Water based

KATHON LX1400 is water based and VOC free.

Stabilizer package

The stabilizer package of KATHON LX1400 is based upon inert ingredients which are FDA compliant by virtue of being either prior sanctioned, generally recognised as safe (GRAS) or cleared under other existing indirect or direct food additive regulations.

Storage stability

KATHON LX1400 exhibits excellent storage stability with 100% of the active ingredient remaining after 8 and 12 weeks storage at 55°C and 40°C respectively. Other isothiazolinone formulations are not so stable.

In addition KATHON LX1400 offers all the performance benefits associated with other KATHON LX series products.

Broad spectrum activity

Controls both bacteria (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) and fungi (molds and yeasts).

Rapid inhibition of microbial growth and enzyme synthesis

KATHON LX1400 causes immediate inhibition of growth on coming into contact with a microorganism. The growth inhibition rapidly becomes irreversible and results in cell death. Even before cell death occurs, the organism treated with KATHON LX1400 is unable to synthesize enzymes.

Economical

Use concentrations are more cost effective than other commercial latex preservatives.

Low toxicity

Extensive toxicological testing has shown that the active ingredients of KATHON LX1400 are safe at recommended use levels in your final formulation.

Low use levels

The powerful active ingredients in KATHON LX1400 make it effective at low use levels.

Biodegradable/Non persistent in the environment

Data generated by Dow show that the active ingredients in KATHON LX1400 are readily dissipated in the environment by chemical, biological, and physical means: the products of environmental degradation are easily utilized in biological systems. Active ingredient breakdown does not lead to the presence of chlorinated organics in the environment.

Compatibility

Compatible with surfactants and emulsifiers, regardless of their ionic nature.

Formaldehyde-free

KATHON LX1400 does not contain or generate formaldehyde.

Efficacy: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Data

The table below indicates the minimum concentrations in parts per million (ppm) of KATHON LX1400 which inhibit the growth of various microorganisms in test tube cultures. These data demonstrate broad spectrum anti-microbial activity. The tests are carried out under standardized laboratory conditions in nutrient rich growth media - the MIC concentration will vary according to the growth media used and the test conditions.

Test Organism ATCC Number Product (ppm) Active Ingredient (ppm)
Gram positive bacteria* . . .
Bacillus cereus var.mycoides R&H#L5 14 2.0
Bacillus subtilis R&H#B2 14 2.0
Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 6871 14 2.0
Staphylococcus aureus 6538 14 2.0
Gram negative bacteria*    
Alcaligenes faecalis

8750

14

2.0
Enterobacter aerogenes 3906 36 5.0
Escherichia coli 11229 57 7.9
Flavobacterium suaveolens 958 64 8.9
Proteus vulgaris 8427 36 5.0
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15442 36 5.0
Pseudomonas fluorescens 13525 14 2.0
Yeasts*      
Candida albicans 11651 36 5.0
Rhodotorula rubra 9449 14 2.0
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2601 14 2.0
Fungi      
Alternaria dianthicola 11782 21 2.9
Aspergillus foetidus 16878 57 7.9
Aspergillus oryzae 10196 36 5.0
Aureobasidium pullulans 9294 43 6.0
Cladosporium resinae 11274 36 5.0
Fusarium oxysporum R&H-EL-1 29 4.0
Penicillium funiculosum 9644 36 5.0
Penicillium variabile USDA 14 2.0
Trichosporon sp. R&H-SH-2 14 2.0
* The organisms in these categories have been isolated from contaminated latex emulsions

Directions For Use

Freshly prepared latex emulsions can be reactive mixtures which makes it difficult to predict accurately the stability and therefore efficacy of a biocide. It is therefore recommended that for each latex emulsion stability and efficacy testing is carried out to optimise biocide dosing.

Dosing Recommendations

Extensive laboratory testing and field experience with the product shows that optimal use levels are between 0.01% and 0.02% product as supplied (15 - 30 ppm active ingredient).

KATHON LX1400 has been specially formulated to minimize the need for predilution prior to use.

If you need engineering advice on biocide dosing systems, please contact your Dow representative.

Regulatory Status of KATHON LX1400

The list below is intended to assist you in complying with prevailing regulatory controls. It lists the status of KATHON LX1400 in those countries where specific approval is required.

 

Country 

Product

Regulatory Clearance

 Application

Germany

The active ingredients
in KATHON LX1400

BgVV Rec. XIV

As a preservative of polymer emulsions for the coating of food contact articles and general articles, with a maximum of 0.004 mg/dm2.

 

   BgVV Rec. XXXVI

As a slimicide in the manufacture of paper, carton and cardboard designated for food-contact with a maximum of 0.0004% relative to the dry fiber. In the extract of the final product the maximum detectable concentration must not exceed 0.0005 mg/dm2.

 

   BgVV Rec. XXXVI/1

As a slimicide in the manufacture of cooking and hot filter papers and filter layers designated for: hot extraction e.g. cooking bags, teabags, hot filterpapers, and filter layers designated for extraction (filtration) at a maximum of 4 mg/kg relative to the dry fiber. In the hotwater extract of the final product the maximum detectable concentration must not exceed 0.0005 mg/dm2.

 

   BgVV Rec. XXXVI/2

As a slimicide in the manufacture of paper, carton and cardboard for baking purposes designated for food-contact at a maximum of 0.0004% relative to the dry fiber. In the hotwater extract of the final product the maximum detectable concentration must not exceed 0.0005 mg/dm2.
Italy The active ingredients
in KATHON LX1400		 Decree No. 395 August 1987

Food Contact Paper
Belgium The active ingredients
in KATHON LX1400		  

The formulation containing these active ingredients
can be used in food-contact applications provided the specific migration limit (SML) of 0.01 mg/kg for each active ingredient is respected.
Holland The active ingredients
in KATHON LX1400		  

The formulation containing these active ingredients
with taking into account the specific migration limits of these active ingredients can be used in the process water during the manufacturing of paper and board as defined in the WARENWET.
USA The active ingredients
in KATHON LX1400		 FDA 21 CFR 175.105
(Adhesives)

For use only as an antimicrobial agent in polymer latex emulsions.
    FDA 21 CFR 175.300
(Resinous and Polymeric Coatings)

For use only as an antimicrobial agent in emulsion-based silicon coatings at a level not to exceed 50 mg active ingredient/kg in the coating formulation.
    FDA 21 CFR 175.320
(Resinous and Polymeric Coatings for Polyolefin films)		 For use only as an antimicrobial agent in emulsion-based silicon coatings at a level not to exceed 50 mg active ingredient/kg in the coating formulation.
    FDA 21 CFR 176.170
(Component of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods)		 1. As an antimicrobial agent for finished coatings
and for additives used in the manufacture of
paper and paperboard including fillers, binders,
pigment slurries, and sizing solutions not
exceeding 25 ppm active ingredient in coating
formulations and additives.

2. As an antimicrobial agent for polymer latex
emulsions in paper coatings not exceeding
50 ppm active ingredient in the coating
formulation.
    FDA 21 CFR 176.180
(Components of paper and paperboard in contact with dry foods)		 1. As an antimicrobial agent for finished coatings
and for additives used in the manufacture of
paper and paperboard including fillers, binders,
pigment slurries, and sizing solutions not
exceeding 25 ppm active ingredient in coating
formulations and additives.

2. As an antimicrobial agent for polymer latex
emulsions in paper coatings not exceeding
50 ppm active ingredient in the coating
formulation.

These clearances apply only to KATHON LX1400 as submitted by The Dow Chemical Company. Formulations containing other ingredients may need to be resubmitted for approval.

Plant Hygiene

The preservation of latex emulsions should be achieved through a combination of an effective biocide and good quality control. Biocide addition should not be used to replace good hygiene; it is complementary to good manufacturing practice, not a substitute for it. Some of the key aspects of preventing microbial contamination are given below.

Raw Materials

  • Are they susceptible to microbial contamination?
  • Regularly monitor their microbiological quality
  • Set a microbiological specification for them

Process Water

  • Monitor the microbial contamination level
  • Regularly clean and sanitize water treatment units
  • Treat stored water prior to use

Storage and Handling

  • Flush and drain lines when not in use
  • Clean and sanitize lines and equipment regularly
  • Try to minimize dead or non draining areas
  • Clean and sanitize reused drums and containers
  • Avoid entry of ambient air into storage tanks
  • Minimize tank headspace and/or provide microbe free headspace

Cleaning and Sanitization

  • Establish protocols for cleaning and sanitizing of tanks and equipment

Detailed suggestions and guidance regarding plant hygiene are given in our bulletin "Preventing Microbial Contamination in Manufacturing" which is available from your local Dow sales office.

Toxicology and Environmental Fate

Dow takes every measure to ensure that its products are safe for both man and the environment.

Toxicology

In line with this policy, Dow can provide comprehensive toxicological data for KATHON LX1400, which shows it is of low toxicity at recommended use levels. More detailed information on the toxicological profile of KATHON LX1400 can be obtained from your local Dow sales office.

Environmental Fate

There is no short cut to environmental safety: Dow has conducted extensive research into the environmental fate of the active ingredients of KATHON LX1400.

These studies demonstrate that at normal use/dilution levels KATHON LX1400 has minimal environmental impact because of the following properties:

  • High performance product used at very low use levels
  • Rapid degradation to non toxic, non persistent substances
  • Degradation does not produce chlorine or chlorinated organics
  • Does not affect the performance of waste water treatment plants

This combination of properties makes KATHON LX1400 the environmentally sound choice for the preservation of latex emulsions.

Material Safety Data Sheets

Dow maintains Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) on all of its products. These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Dow technical representative or Dow. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your suppliers of other raw materials used with our products.

Use biocides safely. Always read the label and product information before use.

 

KATHON is a trademark of Dow, or of its subsidiaries or affiliates.

These suggestions and data are based on information we believe to be reliable. They are offered in good faith, but without guarantee, as conditions and methods of use of our products are beyond our control.

We recommend that the prospective user determines the suitability of our materials and suggestions before adopting them on a commercial scale.

Suggestions for uses of our products or the inclusion of descriptive material from patents and the citation of specific patents in this publication should not be understood as recommending the use of our products in violation of any patent or as permission or license to use any patents of Dow.

For further details, please contact your local Account Manager or local Business Representative.
©2007-2009 Rohm and Haas Company is a wholly owed subsidiary of
Dow. All rights reserved.		 July 2009
CS-754a